When a lot of skin is removed during surgery, it may be necessary to mobilize tissues from other areas of the body – known as flaps. One of the most common in breast reconstruction is made with the latissimus dorsi muscle, with a skin paddle.

Another well-known and widely used flap is the TRAM flap, which is based on the rectus abdominis muscle and yields a result similar to an abdominoplasty. In this case, the excess lower abdominal skin (between the pubis and the umbilical scar) is marked and transposed to the breast region along with the rectus abdominis muscle.

In addition, there are other, more refined techniques for breast reconstruction. Augmentation with the patient's own fat (fat grafting) provides a more natural appearance to the reconstructed breast, fills hollows in the axilla, and improves breast volume and skin appearance after radiation therapy.
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